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Columnar format

A file format that stores values grouped by column rather than by row, so a reader can fetch only the fields it needs.

On a wide table this is often the single largest reduction in read volume available, which matters when I/O rather than compute is the bottleneck.

Data & I/OPerformance & optimization

Related terms

  • I/O-bound: A workload whose runtime is limited by reading and writing data rather than by calculation. Adding workers to an I/O-bound job adds waiting, not throughput.
  • Partition: One independently processable chunk of a dataset. Partition size is the main lever on how well a workload parallelizes.